GERUND AND INFINITIVE

GERUND
AND
INFINITIVE
Arranged by:
Wachid Nuraziz Musthafa
23 / XI Akselerasi

SMA N 1 KLATEN
TH. AJARAN 2010 / 2011
Jl. Merbabu No. 13 (0272) 321150. Kode Pos 57423



1. Gerund

The Basic Form
Base verb +(-ing)
Example:
• I enjoy preparing for Halloween.
prepare + (-ing) => preparing
• Smoking is prohibited here.
smoke + (-ing) => smoking


Gerunds function as nouns. Thus, gerunds will be subjects, subject complements, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions.
• Gerunds as Objects
 Direct object
I like going for a walk.
Going for a walk = gerund phrase = direct object of the verb like.
 Indirect object
Alan gives swimming all of his energy and time.
Swimming = indirect object of the verb gives.
• Gerund as object of the prepositional
Propositional to can be followed by gerund are : to be used, to be accustomed to, look forward to, etc.
When Alan wore dive fins to class, everyone knew that he was devoted to swimming.
Swimming = object of the preposition to.
• Gerunds as subjects of verb.
Since Richard was five years old, singing has been his passion.
Singing = subject of the verb has been.
• Gerunds as complement of the verb.
My chief delight is riding.
Riding = subject complement of the verb is.
• Follow Preposition
Such as: in, on, at, of, for, by, without, after, before, etc.
He is good at singing R n B.
• Possessive Pronoun + Gerund
Possessive Pronoun are: my, his, her, their, your, our.
I don’t mind her smoking here.
• Make Noun Phrase
Swimming Pool, Running Shoes
• Follow Special Verb
Special verb are : avoid, admit, appreciate, anticipate, continue, deny, detest, enjoy, finish, forgive, etc.
Citra enjoys singing on the stage.



2. To Infinitive


The Basic Form
to + Base Verb
Example:
• I like to make my own decorations
• He want to meet his mother
• Father need a pen to write letter


The Function of Infinitive:
• As Subject
To study hard makes us clever.
• Explain the Goal
He comes here to meet him.
• As Verb after the Object
Justin Bieber asks me to sing with him.
• Explain Noun
I need a piece of cake to eat.
• Explain Adjective
Biology is difficult to learn.
• After Adjective
Afgan is too busy to meet her.
• Followed the Special Verb
The special verb are : ask, allow, advice, expect, hope, invite, learn, want.
I ask you to have dinner with me.


3. There are 3 groups of Gerund or Infinitive, such as:

• Group 1 : verb + gerund
• Group 2 : verb + infinitive
• Group 3 : verb + gerund or infinitive


Group 3 : verb + gerund or infinitive
• No difference in meaning
The verbs are advice, begin, like, dislike, hate, love, start.
Example:
I like eating Halloween candy
I like to eat Halloween candy
• Difference in meaning


The verbs are try, stop, forget, remember

 Try

o Try + gerund
It has meaning: sample a test
Example:
I will try using fresh pumpkin

o Try +infinitive
It has meaning: attempt to do something
Example:
When he tries to carve his first pumpkin
 Stop

o Stop + Gerund
It has meaning: quit an activity
Example:
I can’t stop eating this candy

o Stop + Infinitive
It has meaning: interrupt or quit an activity to begin another
Example :
I’m going to stop to have a cup a cup of tea

 Forget

o Forget + Gerund
It has meaning not have the memory of event or action
Example:
How could I forget buying such a cool decoration?

o Forget + infinitive
It has meaning not remember to do something
Example:
Don’t forget to buy candy!

 Remember

o Remember + gerund
It has meaning have the memory of an event or action
Example:
I remember going trick or treating.

o Remember + infinitive
It has meaning not forget to do something
Example:
I remembered to buy Halloween candy.



EXERCISES
1. Choose either a gerund or an infinitive to complete sentence
a. I tried [identifying / to identify ] all the neighborhood children in their costumes, but it wasn’t easy. Some were wearing masks that covered their faces.
b. “Please don’t forget [taking/to take] a picture of the children in their costumes’’ the grandmother asked.
c. While walking home from school, the boy stopped [ to look/ looking] at the scare crow in the neighbor’s front yard. He smiled at its funny face and clothes
d. I don’t remember [seeing/to see] little Joey among the children who came to our house. Did he go trick or treating this year?
2. Complete these sentence with your own ideas
a. Have you ever tried eating a familiar food in a strange new way?
Answer : I once tried eating a potato donut
b. During the day, everyone must take a short break from working or studying. When did you rest today and what did you do?
Answer : I stopped studying at about 1.30 p.m and i like watching TV after that
c. Look at old photos of yourself in an album. What is something that you’ve forgotten?
Answer : I don't remember having a party with my friend wearing a blue skirt.
d. Which big holiday is coming up next? What do you have to do to prepare for it?
Answer : I must remember to go some beautiful places